Reverse proxy
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A reverse proxy accepts a request from a client, forwards it to a server that can fulfill it, and returns the server’s response to the client.
A load balancer distributes incoming client requests among a group of servers, in each case returning the response from the selected server to the appropriate client.
A reverse proxy is a web server that centralizes internal services and provides unified interfaces to the public. Requests from clients are forwarded to a server that can fulfill it before the reverse proxy returns the server's response to the client.
reverse proxy 是一个集中式的 web server，它集合了内部的 services 和 interfaces，然后由它发给 backend servers 处理。
Additional benefits include:
Increased security - Hide information about backend servers, blacklist IPs, limit number of connections per client
Increased scalability and flexibility - Clients only see the reverse proxy's IP, allowing you to scale servers or change their configuration
SSL termination - Decrypt incoming requests and encrypt server responses so backend servers do not have to perform these potentially expensive operations
Compression - Compress server responses
Caching - Return the response for cached requests
Static content - Serve static content directly
HTML/CSS/JS
Photos
Videos
Etc
Deploying a load balancer is useful when you have multiple servers. Often, load balancers route traffic to a set of servers serving the same function.
Reverse proxies can be useful even with just one web server or application server, opening up the benefits described in the previous section.
Solutions such as NGINX and HAProxy can support both layer 7 reverse proxying and load balancing.
reverse proxy 更多的是在有一个 web server 和一个 application server 的时候也有用。load balancer 是对多个，同类型的 server 有用。
Introducing a reverse proxy results in increased complexity.
A single reverse proxy is a single point of failure, configuring multiple reverse proxies (ie a failover) further increases complexity.
Removes the need to install on each server
