System Design
  • Introduction
  • Glossary of System Design
    • System Design Basics
    • Key Characteristics of Distributed Systems
    • Scalability - Harvard lecture
      • Scalability for Dummies - Part 1: Clones
      • Scalability for Dummies - Part 2: Database
      • Scalability for Dummies - Part 3: Cache
      • Scalability for Dummies - Part 4: Asynchronism
    • Trade-off
      • CAP Theorem
      • Performance vs scalability
      • Latency vs throughput
      • Availability vs consistency
    • Load Balancing
      • Load balancer
    • Proxies
      • Reverse proxy
    • Cache
      • Caching
    • Asynchronism
    • Processing guarantee in Kafka
    • Database
      • Relational database management system (RDBMS)
      • Redundancy and Replication
      • Data Partitioning
      • Indexes
      • NoSQL
      • SQL vs. NoSQL
      • Consistent Hashing
    • Application layer
    • DNS
    • CDN
    • Communication
      • Long-Polling vs WebSockets vs Server-Sent Events
    • Security
    • Lambda Architecture
  • OOD design
    • Concepts
      • Object-Oriented Basics
      • OO Analysis and Design
      • What is UML?
      • Use Case Diagrams
    • Design a parking lot
  • System Design Cases
    • Overview
    • Design a system that scales to millions of users on AWS
    • Designing a URL Shortening service like TinyURL
      • Design Unique ID Generator
      • Designing Pastebin
      • Design Pastebin.com (or Bit.ly)
    • Design notification system (scott)
      • Designing notification service
    • Designing Chat System
      • Designing Slack
      • Designing Facebook Messenger
    • Design Top K System
    • Designing Instagram
    • Design a newsfeed system
      • Designing Facebook’s Newsfeed
      • Design the data structures for a social network
    • Designing Twitter
      • Design the Twitter timeline and search
      • Designing Twitter Search
    • Design Youtube - Scott
      • Design live commenting
      • Designing Youtube or Netflix
    • Designing a Web Crawler
      • Designing a distributed job scheduler
      • Designing a Web Crawler/Archive (scott)
      • Design a web crawler
    • Designing Dropbox
    • Design Google Doc
    • Design Metrics Aggregation System
      • Design Ads Logging System
    • Design Instacart
    • Design a payment system
      • Airbnb - Avoiding Double Payments in a Distributed Payments System
    • Design Distributed Message Queue
      • Cherami: Uber Engineering’s Durable and Scalable Task Queue in Go
    • Design Distributed Cache
      • Design a key-value cache to save the results of the most recent web server queries
    • Design a scalable file distribution system
    • Design Amazon's sales ranking by category feature
    • Design Mint.com
    • Design Autocomplete System
      • Designing Typeahead Suggestion
    • Designing an API Rate Limiter
      • Designing Rate Limiter
    • Design Google Map
      • Designing Yelp or Nearby Friends
      • Designing Uber backend
    • Designing Ticketmaster
      • Design 12306 - Scott
    • Design AirBnB or a Hotel Booking System
  • Paper Reading
    • MapReduce
  • Other Questions
    • What happened after you input the url in the browser?
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  • Microservices
  • Service Discovery
  • Disadvantage(s): application layer
  • More read

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  1. Glossary of System Design

Application layer

PreviousConsistent HashingNextDNS

Last updated 4 years ago

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Separating out the web layer from the application layer (also known as platform layer) allows you to scale and configure both layers independently. Adding a new API results in adding application servers without necessarily adding additional web servers. The single responsibility principle advocates for small and autonomous services that work together. Small teams with small services can plan more aggressively for rapid growth.

application layer 这个概念的提出是为了把一系列的东西打包从 web server 当中分离出去,这样就能更好地 scale system 了

Workers in the application layer also help enable asynchronism.

Microservices

Pinterest, for example, could have the following microservices: user profile, follower, feed, search, photo upload, etc.

Service Discovery

Disadvantage(s): application layer

  • Adding an application layer with loosely coupled services requires a different approach from an architectural, operations, and process viewpoint (vs a monolithic system).

  • Microservices can add complexity in terms of deployments and operations.

More read

Related to this discussion are , which can be described as a suite of independently deployable, small, modular services. Each service runs a unique process and communicates through a well-defined, lightweight mechanism to serve a business goal.

Systems such as , , and can help services find each other by keeping track of registered names, addresses, and ports. help verify service integrity and are often done using an endpoint. Both Consul and Etcd have a built in that can be useful for storing config values and other shared data.

microservices
Consul
Etcd
Zookeeper
Health checks
HTTP
key-value store
Intro to architecting systems for scale
Crack the system design interview
Service oriented architecture
Introduction to Zookeeper
Here's what you need to know about building microservices